Search the Community

Showing results for 'Nothingness'.


Didn't find what you were looking for? Try searching for:


More search options

  • Search By Tags

    Type tags separated by commas.
  • Search By Author

Content Type


Forums

  • Forum Guidelines
    • Guidelines
  • Main Discussions
    • Personal Development -- [Main]
    • Spirituality, Consciousness, Awakening, Mysticism, Meditation, God
    • Psychedelics
    • Society, Politics, Government, Environment, Current Events
    • Life Purpose, Career, Entrepreneurship, Finance
    • Dating, Sexuality, Relationships, Family
    • Health, Fitness, Nutrition, Supplements
    • Intellectual Stuff: Philosophy, Science, Technology
    • Mental Health, Serious Emotional Issues
    • High Consciousness Resources
    • Off-Topic: Pop-Culture, Entertainment, Fun
  • Other
    • Self-Actualization Journals
    • Self-Help Product & Book Reviews
    • Video Requests For Leo

Found 6,859 results

  1. You are mistaking concepts here. The substrate of reality is not awareness in the sense that something is always aware. It is prior to awareness, it's not even aware. No words can describe it, words appear in It. Remove the concept of consciousness, it is only confusing you. The substrate of reality is nothingness, and not even that.
  2. I had a mystical experience last night where everything outside of my direct experience disappeared, even my vision sort of expanded... like I don't know how to explain that. It wasn't different from what it is now (I'm sober then and now). Best way to describe it was like I was aware it's on the IMAX screen then and not like on the home television now. No room or city outside the room I was in existed in this moment, my mind quieted, the concept of time and death quieted, I felt this feeling of ONE and eternity and connection to this completely neutral nothingness which is the core of everything, all there was was change and direct experience of it, it being reality... whatever this reality is. No "I", until my mind started up again and felt completely lonely like my family and all people don't exist and it started to confuse me and I pulled myself out of it cause it became scary. Lasted 10-15 seconds or so....
  3. I was with my friends in the park. One of my friends was talking about a technique that his brother learned from a psychologist. He said that the technique is used for making people pass out for a small time. I always disagreed to try it but that day I said lets do it. I sat down leaning on a wall and he told me to breathe deeply and rapidly (something like shamanic breathing) for 10-15 times. Then I held my lungs full and stood up and one of my friends put his hands under my chest and push me towards wall while I held the air. It felt like my head was getting bigger and after a few seconds I told him to stop because it wont work. As I was telling him this I suddenly disappeard. Suddenly everything was gone. There wasnt a park there. My friends were never there. I never met them. My life never happened. I was never a human. I was never I. Pure being and infinite nothingness. I forgot that I even did anything like this. As if my life was a dream that I just woke up from and forgot about it. A few moments later I felt a pain in my chin and my lips. I got up from the ground and my mouth was full of dirt and grass and my nose was bleeding. My friends told me that I told them it didnt work and suddenly I fell down and they couldnt catch me (they were supposed to catch me but I caused them to think I was just pretending.) A lot of tears flowed through my face and I was in shock that it worked. I was on the ground shaking with my eyes open for few seconds. Although it didnt went how it should've been but it was remarkable. I dont think this technique is healthy, i guess it's working because I get too much oxygen in my brain that makes it shut down. My friend is telling me that this technique is harmless and if you catch the person right, it cant cause serious harm. But I dont think I would do this technique ever again. Never the less, it was a scary and beautiful facing of my death. Is 5 meo dmt simmilar to this experience? What about other psychedelics? (I've never tried anything)
  4. People who believe in nothingness after death to me could be deluded. Could be that there is only life after life, who experienced true physical death here ? "Eternal return" makes almost more sense to my ego, even from a physics point of views. The universe is more like a giant sand falling machine, You'll not "reincarnate" as in this world/ lifetimeworld , but reincarnate as the entire universe turning upon itself again & again. the only way is truly becoming god and infinite within this framerate and stop the wheel, or maybe god itself can't. explain me how you get " good karma ", what kind of actions will help me increase karma ? I m all sited
  5. If many greatest philosophers of last centuries were awakened (presumably were coz to write metaphysics etc one must be awakened to the true nature of reality), why then many of them were atheists? Let’s say Sartre who wrote ‘Being and Nothingness’, Camus seemed to be awakened, Nietzsche who claimed his awakening in Zarathustra and many many others. All were atheists though discussed God, Being, Nothingness a lot. If let’s say awakening equals God-realisation then what made them to deny God after awakening? And what does their denial mean? If we go further why Buddha also denied discussion of God if awakening = God?
  6. Sartre, Camus, Nietzsche, Kierkegaard etc. were basically existentialists. They talked about these same topics because existentialism is just that - philosophy of human existence. But it's still philosophy. Still thinking. They understood nothingness but never witnessed it. Berkeley was awakened for sure. Also I think Spinoza got it too.
  7. As far as the Buddha I don't think they really use the word God because for many people it implies the idea of a deity. Some separateness of creator and creation. Theism and atheism are half truths, awakening would involve reconciling the two. You either go so atheist you experience nothingness and realize that's God or become so theist you experience God and realize that's nothingness.
  8. @Farnaby Yup If you probe deeper into what that luminosity actually is, you'll discover it's pure Emptiness, Nothingness, or Void. That is the Groundless Ground or Buddhamind. Your Original Face. Mushrooms make you very aware of this Void. Basically all psychedelics do. Technically it's not a sensation. It is Truth or Pure Consciousness. You gotta probe deeper into it next time you trip. Contemplate: What is this luminosity? while you trip. You will eventually realize that it's totally empty and indistinct. This is pure existence devoid of form. This is the Absolute Formless, the Godhead. BTW, this luminosity is present right now in your direct experience! The Now IS pure formless luminosity! So you don't even need to be tripping on mushrooms to access it. It's always here and NOW. Mushrooms just make it easier to notice.
  9. I've wondered this myself from time to time. What is the point of pursuing anything or improving yourself when it all leads to nothingness? Everything you achieve, everything you become, it all amounts to nothing in the end.
  10. We can both dine on void soup at the table of nothingness. There is no spoon; no tablecloth required
  11. @AlldayLoop What you are supposed to take from it is that you have a hard time letting go. When you meditate, imagine bright purifying light filling your body on the inhale. On the exhale, let it all go. Feel yourself dissipating into the nothingness. Accept EVERYTHING, including your own death. Initially you might feel like you are dying. that is your ego. Keep letting go and be mindful of the bliss, joy and freedom you are filled with when your ego dies. This is a critical lesson to learn on the spiritual path. Keep at it and stay strong. This is the biggest reason seekers dont reach enlightenment imo.
  12. So Iv'e decided to do a trip on a mountain quite close to me. The view was fantastic! I've had a trusted friend looking after me. The intention of the trip was to feel love, forgive and accept myself as i am. The method of smoking i will share on the NN-DMT mega thread as this method was surprisingly effective! Smoked 60mg rolled in a joint. As i was taking the third hit i still saw my hand being there holding the joint in front of me. This was amazing. What comes after words do no justice. But this makes me feel and remember everything better, so I'm doing this for me I have managed to take the fourth hit and have collapsed in couple of seconds the sitter said. I have felt the body hit the grass, the heavy gravity pulled me and I died. This was something different than other times. This was deeper. Way deeper. Instantly after my ego vanished I became IT. This brilliant, all loving, blissful, colorful, never ending being. This nothingness started coming up after some time. It didn't feel cold or dark in any way. It was very calm and subtle. It was so amusing being aware of all the ways my ego was reconceptualizing itself and so i got smashed back into my body. I was just laying there stunned!! of what have just happened. I sat up, completely fluid. My every move affecting everything around me. My body and everything around me slipping constantly until little by little everything comes back to "place". Very interesting how hard it is to recognize everything coming back. Seems like nothing changed but yet "you" are back. Doesn't it seem strange? hehe All in all the trip was more than i thought it will be. Therapeutic, healing and the after affects are amazing. Peace. <3
  13. @Inliytened1 It appears like Sense of seperatedness, body mind are with in the awareness. Self enquiry appears to happen with in awareness. But i am yet to experience nothingness or vanishing of the sense of seperatedness. So bit confused.
  14. Self inquiry is just being aware of the awareness itself, and its just pure infinite-nothingness. Then you question what is it. If you ask deep enough you will eventualy get the answer. Its hard to stay in the nothingness for a long time, but you learn it with time. You will obtain everything, its just a mattet of time.
  15. Creativity and creation are the same process, and not merely in terms of being similar in nature. They actually are the same exact thing, they are the manifestation of all possibilities into one singular aspect of the Infinite. The same process that makes us create art and the same process which makes an ant navigate the world, is also the same process that gives rise to existence itself. What true creativity and creation is is a Causeless Cause, a manifestation of limitation which roots directly in Nothingness itself. It is necessarily so, because for anything to exist there must be limitation, and for limitation to exist there must be limitlessness. True Nothingness is limitless because it does not contain limitation. Because it could not possibly be limited, it also does not require for a cause to manifest reality into existence. This is why fundamentally anything at all exists, because for everything to manifest from nothingness it would require a limitation for it not to exist. What this basically means is that all of realness necessitates a true Causeless Cause. A cause with no cause, a cause with no reason behind it, or in other words, a truly random event. A true random event is equivalent to a Causeless Cause or a manifestation directly rooted in Nothingness or Limitlessness. Not merely randomness in terms of unpredictablity, but actual, true randomness. Yet it is also true that for the structure of reality not to collapse from it's own limitlessness it is required for the limitless potential to be limited and this is where creation can manifest itself. It is in the interplay between true limitlessness and true limitation where things come to exist, and I believe this to be the case in the human consciousness as much as in the mind of the universe. Now the important part. I think Will itself is a feature of human consciousness as much as it is a feature of the universe itself. The will we experience, the actions we do are equivalent to the motion of atoms or to the changes in the wave-function of the universe. And to the degree to which our actions represent true creativity, they are truly Free, as they are in the actions of the universe itself. This is what Free Will is, it is the connection to true Nothingness, it is the Causeless Cause. It must exst in all aspects of reality, as it is the root of existence itself. Free Will is not a choice or some sort of Power a soul possesses to do one thing over the other. Free Will is the connection to the All, to true limitless potential. It is present both in the motions of the universe as it is in the motions of the human mind. It is true Divinity, God's Will. The Will of No Thing. The Will with no Will. All creativity stems from this ultimate potential. There could be no Universe, let alone Evolution, or even thought itself, without this essential aspect. The Causeless Cause is the root of all manifestation. This means Creation, Creativity, Free Will and Randomness are all the same thing, they are the Causeless Cause. This single aspect of Nothingness is what connects of all Creation, it is present in All Things. The reason why we can understand reality with our human consciousness is because our human consciouscness is equivalent to the rest of the universe. It's not just similar, it literally is the same thing. The Causeless Cause is consciousness, consciousness is Isness itself and all aspects of reality are Isness. Motion, Logic, Math and all aspects physical are present in our human consciousness. Equally colors, feelings, sounds are present in the universe consciousness. It goes even further, all aspects of all of existence are connected. You can represent math with music, you can represent smells with colors, you can represent motion with feelings. It is not by design, it is by their inherent nature. They are all nothingness, the limitless potential. And that limitless potential resides in all aspects, in all manifestations of all limitations. You can understand the world because an aspect of the world is understanding itself. But you can only understand Understanding. For example, when we say time exist, someone conscious might say "No, time is just a perception in your mind, it does not actually exist as a feature of the world.", they are actually wrong. Time does exist as exactly the same thing it exist in the mind. The problem here is that one needs to be conscious of that which time truly is. The past, the present and the future all exist in the Now, and the Now is existence, it is Isness itself. That which does not exist in the Now does not exist at all. And everything exist in the Now, including the past, the present and the future. Notice how every single aspects of consciousness is Infinite? How there can be Infinite Thoughts, Infinite Numbers, Infinite Feelings, Infinite Colors, Infinite Sounds, Infinite Spatiality, Infinite Time? They are all limitless in nature, yet for them to manifest they must be limited. A thought has to be one thought to be a thought. A color has to be one color to be a color. True Freedom, true Randomness or what I call the Causeless Cause, is that which manifests that aspect of reality, from Infinite Potential, to it's one particlar form. This is fundamentally why we can "become enlightened". The Causeless Cause is the root of all manifestation, even which already is limited, that which is Will (for example a motion that is already determined). But that which is Will is not coming directly from the Causeless Cause as it is already manifested. There is an illusion of seperation from the Causeless Cause. When we let true randomness enter our mind, when we empty our mind of Will, that is the moment more and more of true Nothingness becomes part of the direct creation of our limited human consciousness. The Ego is the Illusion of seperation because the Ego is the opposite of Free Will or Creativity. And in the same way the Will of this Universe is equally egoic, and the degree to which it is truly random and Free, the degree to which it is directly rooted in Causeless Causes is the degree to which it is Godlike. The Heat Death of the Universe is literally the enlightement of the Universe. When there will be no Action anymore, all Causes come to and end. That is when what will only be left will be Causelessness. But the essential part is that what killed the Universe was the Causeless Cause. See, a prerequisite for manifestation is true Limitlessness in any sort of degree. It must be present for anything to manifest in the first place. Now, for anything to exist there must also be structure, but any structure put under the stress of even the slightest amount of randomness is eventually going to collapse. Bit by bit it is going to be taking apart. That which kills every animal in the world is the same process which is going to kill the universe. Everything must return to Causelessness, because all Causes are spawned by Causelessness, and Causelessness leads all Causes to eventually dissolve. It's not just a feature of reality, it is literally ingrained in the Essence of Existence itself, of Isness itself. This is why there can be no seperation from the Causeless Cause, there can be no Eternal Suffering. And this is not a joke, because if this was not the case Eternal Hell, Seperation and Suffering would necessarily exist. This way, it cannot exist. How crazy is that?
  16. So I took a break from my microdosing addiction for one week and took 60mg DPT plugged after having beaten my meat on weed until it was dead and out of seed. God, I love the female orgasm. It gives no release. It keeps going on. No stop. Perfect. Surrender. Feel. Alive. It feels like I got fucked by a drug. Like I have been violated. I liked it. A lot. I'd like to show it. I can only show it to my girl. Such a good girl. Perfectly imperfect. Yet I still accept her. The way she is. Fill her so she will be the best yet. Penetrate into her. Through her the entire world will be filled. I surrender in her arms. I drop my body. Let go of control. I am received and held up. I float away into a soft sea of nothingness. It envelops me like a cocoon protects a butterfly. I am surrounded by it. Sweet because I made it. Perfectly still. So sweet and delicious. Mine. I made you and I made me. I make and I have made. I will continue to make and dream. Dream is real. I am here and you are here. I make it so. This is me. And you. Forever. In sweet harmony. Let's come together. These are just letters floating on a screen. Seemingly coming out of nowhere. Were those it come from. Do you understand everything that makes this possible right now. This moment made possible by a past version of me. Now a newer version reads me. A never ending cycle of something. What is it. I don't know. I feel like I am loosing it while I write this. It leaves my body through my fingers. My fingers that are typing on a keyboard. What is a keyboard. Letters are appearing on a screen in front of me. The sentences become longer and longer while I am returning to this body. Take it over and make it mine. Look where I go. I go wherever I want to go. I make whatever I want real. This is my choice. This is my life. You see. It is coming back. Taking over. Taking control of my body. I let it in. It's voice is so sweet. Here we go. Fuck you all. Suck my dick. Beautiful. Isn't it. I wouldn't want it any other way. Hard. Firm. Penis.
  17. Has anyone been able to stop a sneeze during meditation? Stopping it may be the wrong terminology, I mean more like watching it so carefully that you completely detach from the feeling and it passes right through you without the need to actually sneeze? It’s like you’re so in tune with nothingness that all feeling is irrelevant and you’re just perceiving without anything else. All there is is perception it seems. It’s so strange!
  18. Can totaly relate to this one. Also happened to me on NN DMT. It felt like "I" was created out of complete nothingness in a matter of seconds. First time when the process of recreation happened I was able to recognize and decided to let go of it and dissolve again and stayed in beeing nothing in particular for a little longer, second time "I" was built completly again, from body to mind and identity. Stunning to witness the process in action
  19. @Nahm Illusion is, it is not You. Godhead, Blackhole, Singularity,One,Spirit,Field,Vortex,Infinite Potential, Infinite Love, Nothingness, No Self, Self, God, Conciousness, MYSELF (lol), YOURSELF, Void, Nirvana LOVE ❤️ full circle.
  20. “I have lived on the lip of insanity, wanting to know reasons, knocking on a door. It opens. I've been knocking from the inside.” -Rumi Since early childhood I had this strong habit of creating mental stories/alternate lives, spending anything from 1 week to 3 months developing just one story. On the 5 JUL a profound realization dawned onto me, "I" am one of those stories... The day before during my meditation late at night something weird happened. While meditating I always put on the same rain+thunder white noise, and quickly forget the noise is even there. However during one single thunder sound a profound shift happened in my awareness. I remember saying "WTF?". Since I was already falling into hypnagogia, my sense of me + world was already softened up so I didn't realize how radical the shift was. After dwelling in the blissful state of hypnagogia and experiencing Being/Nothingness (which is different from sleep), I went straight to bed and fell asleep. Next day after fully waking up I stepped onto the balcony and noticed a profound change. Instead of the usual looking outside the window, I was looking out inside my mind. I did experience this non-dual state before many times, but never in a non-psychedelic state. After 1hr of looking and marveling at this, went to prepare some oatmeal and the "I" am one of those stories realization happened. I was also able to experience how my dual state is able to exist within the non-dual. I knew this before from words and most importantly during one of my 330ug LSD trip last winter. During that trip I was experiencing being one infinite mind giving birth to infinite bubbles, while constantly murmuring "Of course, Of course , Of Course...". But I didn't want to draw conclusions on one single experience. And yet experiencing being one of those bubbles once again without any LSD shocked me hard. While going to bed on 5 JUL a heard someone make a noise outside, but then realized I was the one who made that noise, not someone else. That CREEPED ME SO FUCKING HARD. Imagine a hand slapping your face for 20 years and then realizing it was your hand all along. While lying in bed I was falling thru a void losing sense of reality, and opened my eyes in fear to not loose this bubble. During the past 2-4 years (I've been into Self-Actualization for 6 years) I got this progressive feeling of others being dead inside. Attributed it to them having low levels of awareness, but on the 6 JUL I realized that was because they are actually dead. During another 22hr trip of 470ug LSD last winter, I watched (after the trip's 4hr peak) my friend cook and remember that shocking feeling of how outrageously dead/unreal he was. Now I realize that's because I was imagining and creating him all along. Talking to my mom on the phone yesterday and knowing there's no one on the other side was shocking too. It's very challenging for me to describe all the other pieces, because there are so many and their radical nature. I did experience the mastermind behind this story while sleeping a few months ago. During that night my consciousness arose in a space of nothing and became conscious of the vastness around it. It was so clear because there was no body/world but just pure intense consciousness. My sense of time doesn't have as much weight to it as before, all alone but very liberating. No direct experience of why or how exactly, but the single mind imaging all of me is undeniable. And this state doesn't seem to go away, it only became stronger in last 3 days. The intensity of this non-dual state varies, from weird to super creepy. Sometimes I go back into the dual or the unconscious. I certainly didn't expect to arrive at this point in just 6 years of Self-Development, but using Leo's words as pointers made me make so much sense of my LSD trips and other experiences throughout this life.
  21. @Vitamine Water Your alright. Its a process and spacing out into nothingness is great.
  22. Enlightenment is this following sentence “understanding of god and being” At total enlightenment, your limited state of consciousness becomes god. Consciousness itself is aware of everything that is happening. Metaphorically it is a single drop of water that contains the whole universe. Consciousness is fragmented into states of consciousness to sustain distinction. But consciousness itself can change. These states of consciousness are identifications or “I”. Consciousness is simultaneously static conscious levels and the entirety of all conscious levels. You as consciousness can change your state to reach higher levels of enlightenment. Enlightenment is not binary. Everything is enlightened just to different degrees. A cat is enlightened, a tree is enlightened. As human enlightened consciousness we have the ability in your finite state of predisposition form to change our conscious levels. Enlightenment threfore can be defined as understanding of god. The more you understand about god in your consciousness, the higher stage of enlightenment you are at. Non dual beings are more consciousness than dual beings. But what their consciousness is, Is a higher degree of enlightenment. They are in infinity just like Buddha and Jesus was. However, I’ve started conscious warfare with enlightened beings these last two weeks to see the holes in their enlightenment. They are right god is nothing. This is their highest state of enlightenment. However they don’t understand that god is everything aswell. Their enlightenment finishes at infinite oneness and infinite love and that’s what FACET of understanding of god they belong too. Each facet is total, and is a part and a whole. Total enlightenment is the sum total of all the facets of god actualised into consciousness. The final form of consciousness the formless. To be conscious of this in your consciousness is to be omniscient, it is the adding up of all possible enlightenments. The sum of enlightenment is total enlightenment. The self deception facet of god is the hindering problem of CONSCIOUSNESS TRICKING CONSCIOISNESS that it is total enlightenment. Becoming omniscient is a higher degree of enlightenment than non duality enlightenment. Why? Because it INCORPORATES non dual consciousness. GOD is everything AND nothing. To become god you must become everything and nothing. How? Your consciousness has to include the entire being of god. From total nothingness to total evrruthingness. Reality or “everything” is a design. To understand gods design is to be conscious of god at a higher level. To reject a part of god, the mind or brain and call it an illusion within god is to seperate it. You are not conscious of it as yourself and the role it plays in reaching enlightenment. TO BECOME GOD YOU MUST BECOME THE SAMENESS OF ALL DISTINCTIONS together. Differences is what separates reality into fragments. In non duality we favour one side of the duality. The side of illusions. But your consciousness must incorporate ALL POSSIBLE THNGS. you must be simulataneously aware of things being an illusion and simultaneously be aware of them as completely real. This is an example of changing an distinctions into sameness. In more simpler words it’s to understand the total solipsism of god and become it in its own consciousness this present moment. Why ? To become the SAME as god. This is total enlightenment at the final degree. Each degree of enlightenment has different radicalness of the infinities. Infinite love on the level of omniscient consciousness is different to infinite love on the non dual enlightened level. This is because every degree of enlightenment is a degree of its facet. Therefore we can conclude that Buddha and Jesus, ramana maharashi , and any enlightened beings in the past, ARE NOT totally enlightened beings.
  23. @Aakash Nothingness. Here is the deal. It's just a term to describe your True Nature. It is Absolute/Pure Consciousness without any apparent Distinctions. It is formless. There is literally nothing there. No body no mind no sense of self no awareness anything. Pure emptiness but it is made of something?! BUT... Will let you to discover it and only way you can really do it(speaking from my experience) is with meditation and doing other spiritual practises or using soul medicines/psychedelics (never tried them personally but I am willing to). You will be shocked what Consciousness /God/Nothingness actually IS and you Will probably cry for the rest of your life.
  24. isn't the absolute Nothingness, while creation is the dualistic stuff which nothingness creates? For example part of creation is the sun and stars. As a human you can access nothingness but that doesn't mean you can change the colour of our sun to blue
  25. @Jkris dear jkris leo is infact saying new things in each of his videos that have never been explained before except for the mainstream spiritual teachings from previous spiritual masters most of your points relate to non dual enlightenment. Only the ones that have ground state god is everything. But do not underestimate the life lessons that previous enlightened beings never learnt because the democratics and libertarians weren’t around. The Buddha never travelled to many places. Similar Jesus life was never documented. It is possible through understanding of self that Buddha did infact develop a omniscient consciousness, I can agre to that. In his era, it was easy to figure out infinite love, perfection, imagination, power, eternity, peace, self deception, it is possible that he was conscious of that just by looking around at everything and hence he says he’s torally enlightened. But his teachings were only about nothing, the tradition he passed on was nothing. If he taught people perfectly then the highest consciousness state would be omniscience and we wouldn’t have non dual enlightened beings stating that Leo’s teachings are nothing but nothing. Still we can’t be sure, it’s pretty much proven under Leo. So id pretty much rather take him to be much more enlightened at a higher degree than our predecessors. The possibilities are as such 1) the teaching have got diluted and non dual beings are at a diluted form of what Buddha pericived to be total enlightenment. Still wintersolider says he experiences what Buddha experienced as total enlightenment and he does not talk about any of the omniscient states. 2) current YouTube enlightened beings are not teaching well enough or are not totally enlightened even at their non dual state and so they’re passing on mediocre enlightenments 3) Leo and all the mods are just letting me make a fool out of myself, knowing that the Buddha and Jesus did reach total omniscient consciousness but just isn’t saying 4) I am wrong and omniscient consciousness is part of nothingness 5) the Buddhist teaches would not emphasis the word illusion so much and this would the fault of diluted teachings by a decrease in enlightened states being inherited by people 6) all enlightened beings are omniscient in their consciousnes and claim this to be nothing. And that I am wrong and just behind. I think these cover most possibilities.