I've thought a lot about consciousness as well, and the rather amazing ability to be aware of one's consciousness. It's definitely not the easiest topic to accurately convey as it's essentially your brain attempting to study itself. We can theorize and experiment, but how accurate can we really be when we automatically fall under the human bias?
I've always wondered, what is the function of consciousness? Why haven't we evolved to be automatons with no awareness? Why is awareness necessary? Why do we have the ability to know we are aware? Anyone who can ask "Am I conscious at this very moment?" has consciousness awareness, so it must have constituted an evolutionary advantage of some sort - or is it just an accidental byproduct of evolution?
I have quite a few different ideas in regards to this topic, but for the sake of keeping my sanity, I will just share a few. haha. I have thought a lot about what distinguishes human beings from automatons / AIs. What can we do that automatons / AIs cannot? Perhaps consciousness may be required for planning the future, or being able to predict unforeseen situations, which AIs seem to have a terrible time at doing. To be able to feel emotions and to analyze situations in order to make decisions.. is this possible without self-awareness?
I have also wondered.. will we eventually be able to create a complex machine with consciousness awareness, and how would we even test its awareness? Perhaps, once we are able to create machinery which can autogenerate/delete itself (like neurons in the brain which constantly form new connections) we will be able to generate artificial consciousness?
I feel that there's definitely a lot we don't know, and we can only theorize. I often wonder if we will ever really understand consciousness and what it truly is.
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“I regard consciousness as fundamental. I regard matter as derivative from consciousness. We cannot get behind consciousness. Everything that we talk about, everything that we regard as existing, postulates consciousness.” – Max Planck